浏览器通讯技术:webPush

Web推送要求从后端触发的推送消息通过 Web推送协议完成，如果要使用推送消息发送数据，则还必须根据Message Pushption for Web Push规范对该数据进行加密。

此模块可以轻松发送消息，还可以处理依赖GCM进行消息发送/传递的浏览器的传统支持。

本文中主要介绍了node 的用法，如果是其他语言请参考GitHub中给出的其他案例

安装

1 2	npm install web-push --save

用法

function subscribeUserToPush() {
  return getSWRegistration()
  .then(function(registration) {
    const subscribeOptions = {
      userVisibleOnly: true,
      applicationServerKey: urlBase64ToUint8Array(
        'BEl62iUYgUivxIkv69yViEuiBIa-Ib9-SkvMeAtA3LFgDzkrxZJjSgSnfckjBJuBkr3qBUYIHBQFLXYp5Nksh8U'
      )
    };

    return registration.pushManager.subscribe(subscribeOptions);
  })
  .then(function(pushSubscription) {
    console.log('Received PushSubscription: ', JSON.stringify(pushSubscription));
    return pushSubscription;
  });
}

订阅信息发给后端

const subscriptionObject = {
  endpoint: pushSubscription.endpoint,
  keys: {
    p256dh: pushSubscription.getKeys('p256dh'),
    auth: pushSubscription.getKeys('auth')
  }
};


function sendSubscriptionToBackEnd(subscription) {
  return fetch('/api/save-subscription/', {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
      'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    },
    body: JSON.stringify(subscription)
  })
  .then(function(response) {
    if (!response.ok) {
      throw new Error('Bad status code from server.');
    }

    return response.json();
  })
  .then(function(responseData) {
    if (!(responseData.data && responseData.data.success)) {
      throw new Error('Bad response from server.');
    }
  });
}

后端存储订阅信息

app.post('/api/save-subscription/', function (req, res) {
  if (!isValidSaveRequest(req, res)) {
    return;
  }

  return saveSubscriptionToDatabase(req.body)
  .then(function(subscriptionId) {
    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
    res.send(JSON.stringify({ data: { success: true } }));
  })
  .catch(function(err) {
    res.status(500);
    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
    res.send(JSON.stringify({
      error: {
        id: 'unable-to-save-subscription',
        message: 'The subscription was received but we were unable to save it to our database.'
      }
    }));
  });
});

发送消息

const webpush = require('web-push');

// VAPID keys should only be generated only once.
const vapidKeys = webpush.generateVAPIDKeys();

webpush.setGCMAPIKey('<Your GCM API Key Here>');
webpush.setVapidDetails(
  'mailto:[email protected]',
  vapidKeys.publicKey,
  vapidKeys.privateKey
);

// This is the same output of calling JSON.stringify on a PushSubscription
const pushSubscription = {
  endpoint: '.....',
  keys: {
    auth: '.....',
    p256dh: '.....'
  }
};

webpush.sendNotification(pushSubscription, 'Your Push Payload Text');

测试

npm test